Sensei?

You may use the word “sensei” for your martial arts instructor, but do you know what it really means?

In Japanese culture, the word sensei (先生) is an honorific used to show respect for someone recognized as a guide through knowledge, skill, or public service. Teachers, doctors, lawyers, artists, authors, and elected officials are all commonly addressed as sensei. The word literally means “one who was born before,” emphasizing experience rather than rank or certification.

In Japanese usage, honorifics follow the name—Tanaka Sensei—and are never used for oneself. This reflects keigo, the Japanese system of respectful language, in which honorifics elevate the other person, not the speaker. Understanding this simple rule helps Western martial artists use the term more authentically.

Because sensei is an honorific, it is not a rank. In budo, formal qualifications include dan and kyu grades, as well as teaching licenses or titles such as menkyo, shogo, shidoin, or shihan, depending on the tradition and organization. Legitimate martial arts associations clearly list these credentials, but none list “sensei” as an earned title. While it is appropriate to address a teacher as Sensei, their certificates will reflect rank or teaching authorization—not the honorific itself.

Western practitioners sometimes worry that calling more than one person sensei is disloyal. In Japan, this concern does not exist. A person may address many teachers or professionals as sensei in a single day. Loyalty belongs to one’s lineage, instruction, and training relationship—not to exclusive use of the word.

Traditionally, Japanese students use sensei both inside and outside the dojo. The title reflects an ongoing teacher–student relationship, not a situational courtesy. Limiting its use to the training hall can unintentionally reduce the teacher’s role to that of a technician rather than a lifelong guide and mentor, which runs counter to the values of budo.

For Western dojo wishing to honor Japanese practice, several principles are helpful: use Name Sensei rather than reversing the order; reserve sensei for addressing others, not for self-promotion; and clearly distinguish between courteous address and formal qualifications by stating ranks and teaching titles directly. It is also important to remember that sensei is widely used outside martial arts in Japanese society, reinforcing that it is a living part of the language, not a dojo-specific rank.

Understanding and using the word sensei correctly is a small but meaningful part of respecting Japanese culture. When approached with care and context, it reflects cultural appreciation and supports the deeper values of budo as a lifelong path of learning, discipline, and respect.

Join a Martial Arts Association that Supports Your Art

SMAA has divisions for aikido, iaido, judo, jujutsu, and karate. If one or more of these is your passion, SMAA is the martial arts association for you!

To reach out about joining, call 734-720-0330 or submit an online contact form.